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Volatiles

2024-01-08T08:28:44Z

2001:9E8:2DCD:8B00:EE4E:2C24:E663:2853: See also: Fuel

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{{Fluidbox
| name = Volatiles
| image = [[File:Icon-volatiles.png]]
| heatCapacity = 20.4 Joule / mol
}}

== About == 
[[Volatiles]] or 'H2' is a combustible gas in the presence of Oxygen and the breathing gas of the [[Zrilian]] species. The main source of Volatiles on most planets is in the form of [[Ice (Volatiles)]] that can be mined on the surface. [[Volatiles]] will autoignite at 300 Celcius or above in the presence of [[Oxygen]], and autoignite at 50 Celcius or above in the presence of [[Nitrous Oxide]].

== Composition ==
Denoted with the name [[Volatiles|''Volatile'']], it is a homogenous compound made up of Hydrogen, Chlorine and Hydrocarbons. This means that it is poisonous due to the Chlorine, but also combustible due to the Hydrogen and Methane portions and can be turned into [[Water]] with [[Oxygen]] in a [[Kit (Atmospherics) H2 Combustor|H2 Combustor]] that has a self-contained catalyst which helps free the Hydrogen atoms.

Possible compound: CH3Cl (Chloromethane)


== In-Game Description ==
Volatiles are an extremely reactive, complex organic molecule, which can be used in conjunction with Oxygen as a combustible fuel. It is refined from Ice (Volatiles).

Due to obscure and largely forgotten ODA regulations, volatiles are sometimes labelled 'H2' by various items of technology. however, though they are similar to Hydrogen, they're not 'actually' Hydrogen. Volatiles will not produce water when produced without a catalyst (See the H2 Combustor). Alone, they create pollutants and Carbon Dioxide when burned in the following ratio:

== Usage == 
See also: [[Fuel]]

Different ratios of Volatiles and Oxygen will produce different temperatures and pressures during combustion. Combustion will create a large amount of Heat, pressure, and [[Carbon Dioxide]]. This reaction is useful inside a [[Furnace]] for smelting ores and creating alloys, but can be catastrophic when inside a [[Canister]] or a room.
Currently as of version v0.1.1089.5513, it is labeled in the atmospheric analyzer as H2, but it is not Hydrogen.<ref>Stationeer's Discord https://discordapp.com/channels/276525882049429515/392785541411635201/393216103284998144</ref>. When burned, it produces heat, [[Pollutant]]s, and [[Carbon Dioxide]] in the following reaction:

2 [[Volatiles]] + 1 O2 → 3 [[Pollutant|X]] + 6 [[Carbon Dioxide|CO2]] + 2×Enthalpyvolatiles heat energy

1 [[Volatiles]] + 1 [[Nitrous Oxide|N2O]] → 2 [[Nitrogen|N2]] + 2 [[Carbon Dioxide|CO2]] + 2×Enthalpyvolatiles<ref>Cows are evil youtube video https://youtu.be/-nELRhGK1_A?t=890</ref> heat energy

Enthalpy of volatiles is 286000 Joules, this is per amount of Moles of matter.

Since both reactions results in same amount of heat, but the one with Nitrous Oxide results with less moles, it produces much more heat per amount of matter (2.25 times more heat energy per mole of reaction products). Also, Nitrogen has lower heat capacity than pollutant, which results in even higher temperature.

This reaction is inconsistent with volatiles being simple hydrocarbons (too much CO2 is produced), but it may be consistent with more complex organic molecules. If either volatiles or oxidizer is below 0.3mmoles, it reacts completely without any residue. The reaction rate by default (for example: in atmosphere) depends on temperature as clamp01(1 / (0.002 * (TC + 273.0)1.6 + 0.05) / 5 for oxygen as an oxidizer, and clamp01(1 / (0.0025 * (TC + 273.0)1.01 + 0.05) / 5 for nitrous oxide. Thus, the maximum default reaction rate is 0.2 and is valid at temperatures below 211C when without nitrous oxide and 107C when enough nitrous oxide is present (>~5%). After that reaction rate decreases logarithmically. At temperatures above 460C, nitrous enriched fuel combusts faster (at approx. 2x rate) than oxygen only. At higher temperatures, the difference is even greater, thus making the reaction more efficient and violent. Some devices (like [[H2_Combustor|H2 Combustor]] or [[Kit_(Gas_Fuel_Generator)|Gas Fuel Generator]]) increases rate of reaction (to 0.9 i.e. 90% in both cases).

If a combusting gas mix contains Volatiles, NOS, and O2, they all will react proportionally at same rate, according to aforementioned reactions (i.e. at 90% reaction rate and ideally balanced mix, each component will decrease by 90% from it's original amount). When mix is unbalanced and have either excess of volatiles or oxidizers, then proportions decrease accordingly, i.e. with excess of volatiles, only the amount of volatiles corresponding to amount of oxidizers (2 per Oxygen, 1 per Nitrous Oxide) will decrease proportionally; with excess of oxidizers, similarly, only the amount of oxidizers corresponding to the amount of volatiles is decreased at reaction rate, i.e. oxygen reacts at half the rate of nitrous oxide.

Volatiles have a specific heat of 20.4 Joule / mol.

==Notes==
* The Specific heat of 20 Joule / mol is in-between the specific heat of Hydrogen and Methane.
* The actual Autoignition temperature of Chloromethane in Oxygen is 625 °C (1,157 °F; 898 K), the game grossly underestimated the iginition temperature by about 11 times.

==Sources== 
You can collect Hydrogen from the following sources:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Source !! Amount
|-
| [[Ice (Volatiles)]] || 22 mol
|-
| [[Ore (Cobalt)]] || 1 mol
|}

Can be also obtainable by [[trading]].

== Notes == 
* Seems that a concentration of H2 greater than 6% in an atmosphere it is lethal to plants, keep attention on that designing a greenhouse, because [[Kit (Advanced Composter)|Advanced Composter]] will release H2 during the process.

== References == 
<References />

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Fuel

2024-01-08T08:23:35Z

2001:9E8:2DCD:8B00:EE4E:2C24:E663:2853: add superfuel and reactions, links, remove obsolete stuff

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There are two types of fuel, solid fuel and gas mixtures. The only solid fuel available in the game right now is Coal, coal can be used to fuel the [[Solid Fuel Generator]].
In order to use gasses for fuel you need a combustible gas combined with an oxygen source. The only flammable gas in the game is [[Volatiles]] (labeled as H2), the two oxygen sources are [[Oxygen]] (2:1 mix simply called fuel) and [[Nitrous Oxide]] (1:1 mix called superfuel).

=== Using Fuels ===

==== Fuel Combustion ====
Autoignition Temperature: 300℃ 
2 Volatiles + 1 O₂ -> 3 Pollutant + 6 CO₂ + 572kJ

==== Fuel Combustion Using a H2 Combustor ====
2 Volatiles + 1 O₂ -> 2 H₂O + 429kJ

==== Superfuel Combustion ====
Autoignition Temperature: 50℃ 
1 Volatiles + 1 N₂O -> 2 N₂ + 2 CO₂ + 572kJ

Note that staying below autoignition temperature means condensation for Nitrous Oxide at more than about 1MPa pressure, making it hard to store the fuel mix in large quantities without liquid management. While this reaction releases the same amount of energy as the classic fuel combustion above, it does so using half the volatiles and heating waste gases with less thermal mass resulting in higher temperatures.

== Mixing Fuel == 
You can easily mix fuel by adding O2 and H2 to a pipe network in order to put it into canisters or pump into a furnace.

H2 can be attained by melting the [[Ice (Volatiles)]] that can be found in some worlds while being part of the atmosphere of [[Worlds#Vulcan|Vulcan]]. O2 can be attained by melting the [[Ice (Oxite)]] or again from some atmospheres. N₂O is part of [[Ice (Nitrice)]] or can be created by the [[Nitrolyzer]].

Depending on how exact the proportions of your gas mixture are you will end up with different end temperatures and pressures after ignition.

==Basic Canister Mixing Setup== 
===Parts required===
* In line pipe canister connector
* 2 [[Tank Connector]] platforms
* Pipes
* [[Pipe Gas Mixer]] valve
* Wires to connect gas mixer to power

===Setup=== 
# Place the 2 Gas connector platforms
# Connect the 2 gas connector platforms to the inputs of the gas mixer
# Connect the gas mixer output to the canister connector
# Connect the gas mixer power input to power.

===Use=== 
# Put a large bottle or scrubber filled with O2 on one platform.
# Put a large bottle or scrubber filled with H2/volatile on the other platform.
# Use a wrench to connect both to their platforms.
# Optional: for a perfect mix, ensure the temperature of both gases is exactly the same.
# Set [[gas mixer]] to desired combination (34% O2 66% H2) Note: as the combination is a floating point number, you can also enter 0.333... or 0.666... with a labeler to get a more precise mix.
# Turn on gas mixer
# Place empty canister in inline connector.
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Nitrous Oxide

2024-01-08T08:17:22Z

2001:9E8:2DCD:8B00:EE4E:2C24:E663:2853:

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{{Fluidbox
| name = Nitrous Oxide
| image = [[File:Icon-nitrousoxide.png]]
| heatCapacity = 23 Joule / mol
}}
Nitrous oxide "N2O" is an inert gas. Inhalation of nitrous oxide [[Cognition|stuns]] the player and eventually causes them to blackout.

Nitrous oxide has a specific heat of 23 Joule / mol.

Combusts with Volatiles at a 1:1 ratio (auto combusts at 50C), burns much hotter than h2/o2 (2:1 ratio).

Nitrous oxide is pretty easy to condense with a little pressure. Almost every N2O storage build will include a [[Phase Change guide#Heating_.2F_Cooling_with_phase_change_loops|condensation trap]] to avoid pipe ruptures.

Nitrous oxide naturally occurs as a small part of [[Ice (Nitrice)]] and can be created by the [[Nitrolyzer]] from its constituent elements.

[[Alien Mushroom]]s breathe Nitrous Oxide and exhale oxygen and nitrogen.

= History =

0.2.3499.17067
Introduced N2O combustion mix

0.1.1669.7811

* Added Nitrous Oxide. Currently inert, other than at certain concentrations will cause the player to take (progressively more) [[Cognition|stun damage]]. Only the first pass, will be utilized more with the implementation of surgery later.
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